ADHD

ADHD children, ADHD Symptoms, ADHD syndrome, ADHD therapy, ADHD treatment,

ADHD

ADHD ( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ) or ADD ( attention deficit disorder ) is an attention disorder. Doctors refer to ADHD as hyperkinetic disorder ( HKS ) .
Scientific research suggests that the cause of ADHD is a disturbed signal transmission in the brain. Many ADHD cases are probably genetic. The living environment in which children affected by ADHD grow up , can strengthen or weaken these systems, and also smoking and alcohol during pregnancy have an influence on the development of the disease .Does your child have problems concentrating and sitting still ?  

Does it have a strong urge to move and often acts impulsively and thoughtlessly ? Find out whether your child may be suffering from ADHD ! To test ...Affected with ADHD find it difficult to concentrate and react very impulsively . A significant over-activity does not always occur - hence the distinction of attention deficit syndrome with hyperactivity ( ADHD) from attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity (ADHD). Some of the accompanying symptoms of ADD or ADHD are :increased irritability ,Ill-humor or depression,forgetfulnessanxiety 

The diagnosis , the doctor can usually already set by observation and questioning of the person concerned ; certainty he will receive additional information about important trust such as parents , educators and teachers , through a physical examination and neuropsychological tests.Counseling, behavioral and psychotherapies and medications are considered as a treatment for ADHD . Sometimes therapy is only a few years , some people also necessary for life . The aim is to achieve a normal life with good social contacts , a qualified training and thus a good quality of life.

 

ADHD : Definition 

The abbreviations ADHD or ADD stand for the so-called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or attention deficit syndrome, which doctors describe a particularly strong attention disorder. Further , some old names for the same disease include " early childhood slight brain damage ", " hyperkinetic disorder " or " hyperkinetic syndrome (HKS ) " .ADHD refers not only to the child's age, adults are also affected . Depending on disease severity divide doctors ADHD in different types:predominantly hyperactive- impulsive presentationpredominantly inattentive presentationcombined presentationADHD was " Der Struwwelpeter " illustrated literature in 1845 for the first time by the Frankfurt doctor Heinrich Hoffmann nerves in the book : So hyperactive children are still literally referred to as " hyperactive " . But only in 1987 was awarded the disease its name still valid medical attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) .According to current opinion, ADHD is the result of a faulty routing information between nerve cells. An essential role is played by the nerve messenger dopamine .

 frequency 

Worldwide researchers to take an ADHD prevalence of approximately five percent of children and adolescents . But many adults have ADHD. Of the adults in Germany about three percent of ADHD are affected . In about 60 percent of those in which it was found in childhood or adolescence ADHD symptoms persist into adulthood .Boys are two to four times more frequently affected by ADHD than girls. In adults, the gender differences are not as severe. ADHD occurs in identical twins before , both children are mostly affected. 

ADHD : Causes 

The exact causes of ADHD are unknown as yet . Probably several factors for attention deficit disorder are responsible . Currently three main triggers for ADHD are responsible for:genetic predispositionacquired trigger , about pregnancy and birth complicationspsychosocial circumstancesA genetic predisposition results in that the transmission of nerve signals is disturbed. theSignal messenger ( neurotransmitter ) dopamine comes in ADHD sufferers less common in the brain.This exchange of information between nerve cells is impaired and stimuli can notbe properly processed . Those concerned therefore find it difficult to concentrate.Often have siblings, parents or other relatives ADHD , although to varying degrees. Probably several genes are involved in disease development .The acquired trigger - for example, smoking or alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy - are probably not the sole causes of ADHD . Probably they favor that ADHD arises when a genetic predisposition exists.Also the psychosocial factors are not the sole causes of ADHD . The living environment in which to grow up the children affected by ADHD , can strengthen or weaken existing genes . Discussed , for example , whether to favor the external living conditions and dramatic events , such as the separation of the parents or a traumatic experience , the development of ADHD.Other possible causes of ADHD are certain changes in the brain metabolism of stakeholders : So the responsible transmitter substances (neurotransmitters ) , especially dopamine , in the area of ​​switching points of brain cells (synapses ) does not seem to work optimally . Researchers demonstrated with PET scans after (positron emission tomography ) that these brain areas also consume less glucose than those of healthy children. In addition, researchers found that people with ADHD have a smaller brain volume , especially the anterior lobe of the brain ( frontal lobe ) is reduced.That food allergies or intolerances affect ADHD symptoms or their cause is , is not yet scientifically proven. 

ADHD children, ADHD Symptoms, ADHD syndrome, ADHD therapy, ADHD treatment,

ADHD : Symptoms

 The main symptoms of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD ) calls forth the same symptoms - but without hyperactivity. 

 motor difficulties , for example learning in infants age when eating with utensils , or in elementary school when writinglack of concentrationdistractibilityforgetfulnessslow reactionsstrong impulsiveness , e.g. tantrumsThe ADHD symptoms typically occur early on , usually before the age of six . In infants is ADHD or ADD can already be felt by symptoms such as sleep problems , restlessness, and difficulty in feeding and digestion. Moreover, they often scream and are often irritated.Small children with ADHD are often hyperactive and unpredictable in their behavior , it is difficult for them to establish stable friendships . Some get strong outbursts . Motorized they are often behind their peers , for example, they sometimes longer it difficult to eat with utensils. In kindergarten , the ADHD symptoms often worsen further , because the children are exposed to more stimuli.Elementary Age attention span is very obvious : ADHD children are less receptive than other children often show a reading and writing and arithmetic weakness , they disrupt your classes are unbalanced, act clumsy and sometimes aggressive. Because of their unpredictability other children shun ADHD sufferers often .

 Therefore, children with ADHD often suffer from low self -esteem.Begins puberty, ADHD sufferers can become aggressive defiant, anxious, or depressed . Often makes them to create a lack of self -confidence. Some seek refuge in alcohol and other drugs. Many fall through risky behavior , for example while driving , so they are more often involved in car accidents.In adulthood , the problems of childhood and youth in many continue . ADHD - affected adults often do not have a college degree and no professional training . Moreover, it is difficult for many to build lasting relationships . Even as adults, they can ill stick to the rules and commit often, for example traffic violations . The attention and concentration weakness persists into old age for many .People with ADHD but also show many positive characteristics: They are often very creative, intelligent and have a lot of ideas . Mostly, they are also enthusiastic and have a strong sense of justice. 

ADHD : Diagnosis 

In ADHD , the doctor can make the diagnosis mainly by the life history of the child, adolescent or adult concerned . The doctor pays attention to signs of attention deficit disorder ( lack of concentration ) , for example if the child is easily distracted . Other important diagnostic criteria are the hyperactivity and impulsivity. The ADHD diagnosis is the doctor but if the symptoms are pronounced and over an extended period of time ( at least six months). Helpful are the statements of key persons such as parents trustthe family situationfor social and performanceto illness in the familyto complications in pregnancy, etc.To confirm the diagnosis of ADHD , in addition to psychological tests have proven (eg, attention tests , IQ questionnaires) .A special ADHD test (or ADS ) test does not exist. However, there are various self- assessment forms , which can give an indication of whether ADHD is present . These checklists are sometimes colloquially referred to as ADHD or ADD test test.In addition to a general physical examination , the doctor will examine the affected neurological abnormalities. Certain neurological and psychological disorders can run with a similar clinical picture : Rule out are:Reading and spelling weaknesses ,epilepsy,Sequelae by medication or drugs,Tic disorders ,psychosisAutism.

 ADHD :  treatment  

Not in every case must be performed in ADHD ( Attention Deficit Disorder ) immediately and unconditionally therapy. It is important to look closely consult with the attending physicians / pediatricians and psychologists about the severity and extent of disorder. Treatment should be started at the latest , when the ADHD leads to pronounced mental and social impairments . An exact date for the start of therapy does not exist. It always depends on the individual symptoms.The goal of an ADHD treatment is to manage symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness under control. One treatment is to enable the affected to be socially integrated , according to terminate his talent training and building a stable self-esteem. Conversely, they should avoid that children and adolescents with ADHD to school failure or outsiders are . However, a healing of the metabolic disorder in the brain is not possible.There are various ways to treat ADHD. Recommend the multimodal ADHD treatment that is individually balanced combination of education about the disease and coping strategies , behavioral therapy and drug treatment . These include, for example:Education about ADHD and counseling of victims , his family and the tutor or class teacherparent TrainingBehavioral therapy, should be learned in the new behavioral strategies and structures, and limits are setPsychotherapy , v.a. if the same symptoms occur , such as anxiety disorder, addiction or depressiondrugsin addition regular sports activities (eg horse riding, climbing , judo or similar)As helpful to the so-called combined training has proven to ADHD treatment . Here, parents , teachers and the children concerned to participate in the therapy activities. Sufferers learn the combination training especially to meet regular and reliable daily routines . 

ADHD children, ADHD Symptoms, ADHD syndrome, ADHD therapy, ADHD treatment,

ADHD: Drug treatment 

An important component of multimodal therapy for ADHD are medications that the doctor prescribes in severe cases . They inhibit the hyperactivity of the child concerned the extent that it is attentive , and the motivation to deliver performance increases. In addition, it is easier for children and young people thus easier to control himself. The aim of the drug treatment of ADHD is to prevent social exclusion and to allow other non - drug therapies (eg, speech therapy, occupational therapy) .The psychostimulant used in many cases, methylphenidate and amphetamines act in the region of the synapse , that is, the nerve ends to which the signals are transmitted . The substances prolong the duration of action where the nerve neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, and thereby provide the balance, restores impaired in ADHD . To therapy with these psychostimulants speak to about 85 per cent of ADHD sufferers .As an alternative to this drug class called selective Doctors can norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRA ) prescribe how atomoxetine to treat ADHD . These substances have a direct influence on the neurotransmitter norepinephrine : they inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine into the cells , so that the concentration of the neurotransmitter between the nerve endings increases ( the so-called synaptic cleft ) .Possible side effects of stimulants are , for example, lack of appetite, insomnia, tearfulness , headaches or stomach aches . For methylphenidate , the effect starts earlier than amphetamine, according to the dosage form (so-called release capsules release the active ingredient gradually from ), it is also more effective. 

ADHD: behavior therapy

 An important role in the treatment of ADHD behavior therapy plays , part of the field of psychotherapy . This study ADHD sufferers to control themselves better and to behave " properly " . Also mediates behavioral therapy, how to deal with the symptoms in everyday life . The aim is to cope with the attention disturbance in daily routine as much as possible and to allow a largely normal life. Another component of behavioral therapy may be, for example physiotherapy method to improve motor skills. The behavioral therapy is an outpatient basis possible and takes several months 
  

ADHD: History 

ADHD can take a very different course . In individuals with ADHD ( Attention Deficit Disorder ) is a consistent , regular and adequate long-term treatment and care is important. Otherwise, many sufferers also have problems in adulthood : With about 60 per cent of ADHD children , the disease remains even in adulthood.Sometimes a treatment of ADHD only a few years , some people also live long is required. The aim is to achieve a normal life with good social contacts and a qualified training and thus a good quality of life.ADHD is a common and serious condition in which it may come in the course without treatment to persistent personality disorders .

ADHD in adults 

About 60 percent of children with ADHD also have more symptoms than adults . However, the symptoms usually change . ADHD in adults appears likewise by the symptoms of inattention , hyperactivity and impulsivity - these manifest themselves differently in children , however . This is evident for example in hyperactivity : Children with ADHD are called " Zappelphilip " . ADHD - affected adults , however, have often learned to deal with these symptoms , they feel more of an anxiety or feel driven .Adult ADHD can be untreated major impact on people's lives : they often have difficulties themselves and to organize their daily life - with all the attendant consequences for the private and professional life . It is therefore important that ADHD is diagnosed and treated as early as possible . 

ADHD: Prevention 

The genetic ADHD can not always prevent it . However Expectant mothers can avoid during pregnancy various factors which influence the development of the disease . These include especially smoking and alcohol.